Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negatve Bacteria in a University Hospital in Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) and their antibiotic resistance patterns from clinical isolates in a university hospital. A total of One hundred and seventy-two isolates of Gram-negative were identified using Standard Laboratory Methods from various clinical specimens. Antibiotics susceptibility test was performed using disc diffusion technique. Isolates obtained were subjected to the double disc synergy test (DDST) for extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBL) confirmation. Positive ESBL were further subjected to plasmid extraction and profiling. The highest percentage of occurrence was Escherichia coli (48.8%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.4%), while Proteus spp and Klebsiella pneumonia had the least value of 16.9% each. Extended spectrum -lactamase production was detected in 17 isolates (9.9%), of which E. coli constitutes 11 (6.4%), K. pneumonia 4(2.3%) and Proteus spp. 2 (1.2%). Among the Gram-negative bacterial, the antibiotic resistances were more prevalent in amoxicillin (86.7-93.1%), cotrimoxazole (73.3-93.1%), augumentin (76.7-86.2%) and tetracycline (86.2-96.6%). A total number of six antimicrobial resistances to ESBL were also revealed in this study. Gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, ceftazidime and ofloxacin antibiotic showed the highest multiple resistances of 35.3%. Out of the ESBL producing isolates, the plasmid of the same molecular weight of 30.0kbp were shown for eight. The presence of plasmid might facilitate spread of antibiotic resistance among different members of Enterobacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL production monitoring are therefore recommended in patients.